Heat pump

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Realizing a CO2-free district heating network in odense

Odense wants to phase out the remaining 30% coal consumption in the heat
production for the district heating network by 2025. In 2018, the coal consumption was already reduced from ~900.000 t/y in 2010 to 2-300.000 t/y but the goal is to substitute this completely. To realize this purpose, electric heat pumps, large heat storages, biomass boilers, and electric boilers are constructed. The challenge is
to carry this out without price increases for the consumers, especially the greenhouse industry where
heat price is an important competition faction.

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Utilization of seawater as a heat source

Drammen wished to upgrade their existing district heating which was a mixture of electric, biomass
and gas/oil. They recognised the need to move from fossil and combustion fuels and so decided to
utilize seawater as a heat source for an industrial heat pump. Also recognizing the danger of
HydroFluoroCarbons (HFCs) and other synthetic working fluids they began to explore the use of
ammonia.

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Solar Heating and Cooling in an Energy Efficient Residential Building

Within a privately owned residential building a variety of technologies are implemented to reduce the energy consumption. Both a solar heating system and heat pump are connected to a boiler for the heating of water. This water is used as sanitary hot water. Space heating and cooling is achieved from fan coil units (FCUs); where hot or cold water circulates inside the convectors depending on the need. Finally, underfloor heating is established through a closed water pipe system, with a heat pump as heating source. The monitoring of the entire system takes place in one control unit.

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Zero-emission Settlement in Bad Aibling

In the south of Germany a small district heating network has been installed in the town of Mietraching/Bad Aibling. The main sources of district heating are a woodchip boiler, mainly used in cold days, and solar collectors, mainly used in the warm days. The solar collectors are connected to centralised and decentralised buffer tanks for energy storage. Furthermore, a gas installation is delivering peak load for in mid-winter. The district heating network supplies heating to about 130 households, 2 schools, office buildings and a hotel.

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Ensuring energy security and cost- efficient heat supply

The district heating system of Brasov has gone through several transformations in the attempt to find a solution for the zones located within the urban agglomeration of Brașov. Unfortunately, the lack of vision and the misun- derstanding of the advantages of such a system, coupled with a legislation that allows for easily installing natural gas individual boilers, led to a situation where only 4% of the local population was still connected to the DH in 2014 (reference year of the project).The future of this system is directly linked to the local policies, which should be supported by the population, by the real estate developers and last but not least, by policy makers.

The current strategy is trying to provide insight into the renewable sources that could be used in the future in order to ensure energy security and cost efficient heat supply at local level.

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Ensuring energy security and cost- efficient heat supply

Helsingør developed its own Climate Plan back in 2009. The municipality is part of a regional cooperation programme aimed at developing a Strategic Energy Plan in partnership with all the municipalities in the area, and is a signatory to the European Covenant of Mayors (www.eumayors.eu).

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Seasonal Heat Storage “Am Ackermannbogen” in Munich

The city of Munich implements various policies to increase energy efficiency and to mitigate climate change. In 2007, the city of Munich realized the solar thermal heating project Am Ackermannbogen which includes 3078 m2 rooftop solar collectors, a seasonal storage tank & heat pump. The installation provides heating to 320 apartments, of which 40 – 45% solar thermal heat.

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Low Temperature Heating Grid in Dollnstein

Dollnstein is a small community with about 2,700 inhabitants in the heart of Bavaria, Germany. Dollnstein is located in the Altmühltal Nature Park, one of the most popular touristic destinations in Bavaria. In 2011, the municipality has initiated and in 2013/14 installed an intelligent heating network for about 40 households and several communal buildings.

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Brædstrup district heating

Brædstrup Fjernvarme has during the last 10 years been a Danish frontrunner in how to make district heating efficient, cheap for the customers and environmentally friendly at the same time through activities in the electricity market, smart metering, introduction of regularly service visits by the customers and support to improvement of house installations, implementation of the worlds first large scale solar district heating plant combined with natural gas fired CHP, implementation of borehole storage, heat pump and electric boiler to be able to maximise flexibility in the electricity market. The result has been a natural gas reduction of 38%.

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